This course will evaluate fiscal policies that governments will likely consider in the 21st century, from both empirical and theoretical perspectives. Recent economic developments (including technological change, the rise of robots, and geographic sorting) present many challenges for policymakers. After briefly reviewing some of these developments, the course will focus on assessing several likely policy responses: taxing capital and top-income earners, the safety net and redistribution, and place-based policies that aim to address spatial disparities in opportunity.